In what ways did war shape the nation-state, as it developed in the nineteenth century? You should draw on at least 3 of the case studies examined in the unit.
The wars of the 19th Century brought with them the forceable implementation of the nation-state structure. The scale of modern war demanded a far greater national participation than had been seen in traditional warfare. This new form of conflict was 'hard', or 'unlimited' war. The Napoleonic Wars, the American Civil War, and the Japanese wars ( the Sino-Japanese, and the Russo-Japanese) all saw the progress of national transformation for the countries involved. In support of their war efforts, France, America and Japan saw militarisation, the centralisation of governement and administration, and the development of common ideology and pride.
War was an intricate part of nation building in the 19th century. In the French Revolution war unified and centralized the nation. Custom barriers were ended and one measurement and tax system was created to help unify France. The government was centralized to control this new unified nation. The number of public servants in Paris grew from 2000 before the war to 13,000 by 1795. A Bank of France was established to centralize and control the economy, and the emperor appointed bishops, judges, mayor, and police officers to further control the country. The American Civil War caused American to shift from a union to a nation. Federal Courts, a national currency, and an income tax were established as part of the centralization of government. The bureaucracy was also expanded by expanding the war department and the federal government setting up factories and railroads. In Meiji Japan the nation went from a traditional to westernized government. To win wars and expand their trading, the Japanese needed a strong army, money, education, and rule over their domain. To accomplish this, set up a system of central and local administration and became Constitutional in fact, not just name.
The wars of the 19th Century brought with them the forceable implementation of the nation-state structure. The scale of modern war demanded a far greater national participation than had been seen in traditional warfare. This new form of conflict was 'hard', or 'unlimited' war. The Napoleonic Wars, the American Civil War, and the Japanese wars ( the Sino-Japanese, and the Russo-Japanese) all saw the progress of national transformation for the countries involved. In support of their war efforts, France, America and Japan saw militarisation, the centralisation of governement and administration, and the development of common ideology and pride.
ReplyDeleteWar was an intricate part of nation building in the 19th century. In the French Revolution war unified and centralized the nation. Custom barriers were ended and one measurement and tax system was created to help unify France. The government was centralized to control this new unified nation. The number of public servants in Paris grew from 2000 before the war to 13,000 by 1795. A Bank of France was established to centralize and control the economy, and the emperor appointed bishops, judges, mayor, and police officers to further control the country. The American Civil War caused American to shift from a union to a nation. Federal Courts, a national currency, and an income tax were established as part of the centralization of government. The bureaucracy was also expanded by expanding the war department and the federal government setting up factories and railroads. In Meiji Japan the nation went from a traditional to westernized government. To win wars and expand their trading, the Japanese needed a strong army, money, education, and rule over their domain. To accomplish this, set up a system of central and local administration and became Constitutional in fact, not just name.
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